With support from Energy Foundation China, the National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International Cooperation, together with the China Sustainable Transportation Center and the Institute of Spatial Planning and Regional Economy under the National Development and Reform Commission finished this research report in 2018. The project team concluded that there is a dynamic correlation between transportation development and carbon emissions during China’s rapid urbanization process and presented an analytical methodology in this regard. Researchers calculated the transportation carbon emissions in a select city and city cluster; built a modeling framework for the correlation analysis, covering emissions from industry, building, and transportation sectors; examined carbon emissions scenarios under different urbanization modes in the case city and city cluster and conducted comparative analysis of different scenarios; and based on the scenarios analysis, proposed policy recommendations on how to achieve low-carbon development in cities with different urbanization modes.