In May 2023, Fudan University published this report discussing how to develop health-oriented air quality standards, with a case study in Shanghai, China. The research was supported by Energy Foundation China and coordinated by the School of Public Health at Fudan University.

The report proposes a methodology for ambient air quality standard development and revision that is suitable for China, and suggests setting more stringent municipal standards or assessment indicators for fine particulate matter known as “PM2.5” in Shanghai. Its recommendations for local air standards are in line with China’s case-by-case air quality control concept and are expected to bring greater environmental, health, and economic benefits.